{"id":46022,"date":"2021-10-19T10:37:37","date_gmt":"2021-10-19T10:37:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/norvegijas-zurka\/"},"modified":"2024-03-10T19:45:46","modified_gmt":"2024-03-10T19:45:46","slug":"norvegijas-zurka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/norvegijas-zurka\/","title":{"rendered":"Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurka ir viens no mazajiem, bet iev\u0113rojamajiem dz\u012bvniekiem, kas ir da\u013ca no <a href=\"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/norvegijas-savvalas-dzivnieki\/\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas savva\u013cas dabas<\/a>. Iesp\u0113jams, ka Norv\u0113\u0123ija ir paz\u012bstama galvenok\u0101rt ar saviem pol\u0101rl\u0101\u010diem, kas k\u0101 koloss kl\u0101j ledus sega un me\u017eus vis\u0101 valst\u012b. lai cik maza <a href=\"https:\/\/elifesciences.org\/articles\/50651\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurka <\/a>ar\u012b neb\u016btu, ir tik daudz \u012bpatn\u012bbu, ko v\u0113rts par to uzzin\u0101t.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurku zin\u0101tniskais nosaukums ir <em>Rattus norvegicus<\/em>. Tam ir raiba, br\u016bna \u0137erme\u0146a kr\u0101sa, b\u0101lgani apak\u0161stilbi, k\u0101 ar\u012b gara zv\u012b\u0146aina aste m\u0101ju vai \u0161\u0137\u016b\u0146u tuvum\u0101. T\u0101s \u0137erme\u0146a un galvas garums ir aptuveni 28 cm, un t\u0101s svars ir no 140 g l\u012bdz 500 g. Tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka \u017eurku izcelsme ir \u0136\u012bn\u0101, ta\u010du t\u0101s ir izplat\u012bju\u0161\u0101s vis\u0101s pasaules da\u013c\u0101s, iz\u0146emot <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Antarctica\">Antarkt\u012bdu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-1-1024x576.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-38612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-1-1024x576.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-1-300x169.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-1-768x432.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-1-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-1.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurku dz\u012bves v\u0113sture<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neraugoties uz Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas nosaukumu, tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka t\u0101s ir c\u0113lu\u0161\u0101s no \u0136\u012bnas, \u0100zijas. \u017durkas atdal\u012bj\u0101s no radniec\u012bg\u0101s sugas <a href=\"https:\/\/animaldiversity.org\/accounts\/Rattus_nitidus\/classification\/\">Rattus nitidus<\/a> (Himalaju lauka \u017eurkas) pirms aptuveni 620-644 t\u016bksto\u0161iem gadu, un da\u017eas Rattus norvegicus atliekas ir atrastas \u0136\u012bnas provinc\u0113 Si\u010dua\u0146as-Guid\u017eou.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rattus norvegicus savu nosaukumu Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurka ieguva, jo tiek uzskat\u012bts, ka t\u0101 uz Angliju no <a href=\"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/lv\/dzive-norvegija\/\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas<\/a> iece\u013cojusi aptuveni 18<sup>.<\/sup> gadsimt\u0101. Tom\u0113r \u0161\u012bs sugas izcelsme ir no \u0136\u012bnas caur Krieviju. Turkl\u0101t vair\u0101kas \u017eurku atliekas ir atrastas <sup>14<\/sup>. gadsimta arheolo\u0123iskaj\u0101s senviet\u0101s, kas liek cilv\u0113kiem dom\u0101t, ka \u017eurkas, iesp\u0113jams, ir kav\u0113ju\u0161as Eiropas tautu Agr\u0101k. Rattus norvegicus Zieme\u013cameriku sasniedza no 1750. l\u012bdz 1775. gadam.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurku raksturojums<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar cit\u0101m \u017eurk\u0101m, piem\u0113ram, jumta \u017eurk\u0101m, kas ir prasm\u012bgi k\u0101p\u0113ji, Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas nav k\u0101p\u0113ji, un tas t\u0101m trauc\u0113 iek\u013c\u016bt pagrabos. Turkl\u0101t tie ir smag\u0101ki. Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas ir unik\u0101las, jo t\u0101s grau\u017e priek\u0161metus un p\u0101rn\u0113s\u0101 slim\u012bbas ar ur\u012bnu, blus\u0101m, \u0113rc\u0113m ka\u017eok\u0101 un izk\u0101rn\u012bjumiem.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery columns-1 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><ul class=\"blocks-gallery-grid\"><li class=\"blocks-gallery-item\"><figure><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"764\" src=\"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-2-1024x764.jpeg\" alt=\"\" data-id=\"38633\" data-full-url=\"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-2-scaled.jpeg\" data-link=\"http:\/\/scandinavia.life\/?attachment_id=38633#main\" class=\"wp-image-38633\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-2-1024x764.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-2-300x224.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-2-768x573.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-2-1536x1146.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/rat-2-2048x1528.jpeg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/li><\/ul><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. Uzved\u012bba un ma\u0146as<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Br\u016bn\u0101s \u017eurkas ir naktsputni. Tas m\u012bl atrasties maz\u0101s, sl\u0113gt\u0101s, tum\u0161\u0101s viet\u0101s un izvair\u0101s no p\u0101rvieto\u0161an\u0101s labi apgaismot\u0101s vai atkl\u0101t\u0101s telp\u0101s. \u017durka p\u0101rvietojas uz \u010detr\u0101m ekstremit\u0101t\u0113m, un t\u0101s \u016bsas un ka\u017eoks saskaras ar lieliem priek\u0161metiem un sien\u0101m. Tam piem\u012bt ar\u012b peld\u0113\u0161anas, nir\u0161anas un l\u0113k\u0101\u0161anas sp\u0113jas.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurk\u0101m ir unik\u0101la \u012bpa\u0161\u012bba &#8211; t\u0101m ir slikta redze un jut\u012bba pret asu gaismu. \u017durk\u0101m ir ar\u012b dihromatiska kr\u0101su redze, kas iesp\u0113jama, pateicoties div\u0101m konusveida \u0161\u016bnu klas\u0113m, kuras atrodas t\u012bklen\u0113. Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas sp\u0113j uztvert ska\u0146as aptuveni 0,2-80 KHZ diapazon\u0101.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. Reprodukcija<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurku dzimumgatav\u012bba ir aptuveni 11 ned\u0113\u013cas, gr\u016bsn\u012bbas periods ir 21-24 dienas, un t\u0101s dzemd\u0113 aptuveni 7 l\u012bdz 8 mazu\u013cus. T\u0101pat k\u0101 cilv\u0113kiem ir pajumte, ar\u012b \u017eurku m\u0101t\u012btes pirms dzemd\u012bb\u0101m b\u016bv\u0113 ligzdas, jo mazu\u013ci parasti piedzimst akli, kaili un piln\u012bb\u0101 atkar\u012bgi no m\u0101tes. \u017durku mazu\u013ci s\u0101k pamest ligzdu, k\u0101 ar\u012b uz\u0146emt cietu bar\u012bbu p\u0113c 14 dien\u0101m p\u0113c piedzim\u0161anas.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. Soci\u0101l\u0101 uzved\u012bba<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas dz\u012bvo grup\u0101s un veido soci\u0101las attiec\u012bbas. Labv\u0113l\u012bgos apst\u0101k\u013cos tie veido kolonijas, kur\u0101s ir simtiem \u012bpat\u0146u. Kolonij\u0101s ir grupas, kur\u0101s ir pieaugu\u0161ais t\u0113vi\u0146\u0161, da\u017eas m\u0101t\u012btes un mazu\u013ci. Grupas v\u0113l vair\u0101k blo\u0137\u0113 da\u017eas teritorijas, ko d\u0113v\u0113 par teritorij\u0101m, kuras ir iez\u012bm\u0113tas un norobe\u017eotas ar smar\u017eas nor\u0101d\u0113m.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u0113vi\u0146u pien\u0101kums ir aizst\u0101v\u0113t savu teritoriju no iebruc\u0113jiem, kas var\u0113tu n\u0101kt no cit\u0101m grup\u0101m. V\u012brie\u0161u soci\u0101l\u0101 agresivit\u0101te palielin\u0101s, kad vi\u0146i dz\u012bvo kop\u0101 ar m\u0101t\u012bt\u0113m. Kad atsevi\u0161\u0137as Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas satiekas, t\u0101s sevi r\u016bp\u012bgi p\u0101rbauda, un t\u0101s pa\u013caujas uz dzimumu, lai noteiktu uzturu, reprodukt\u012bvo st\u0101vokli, vesel\u012bbu, vecumu un dzimumu. Ja k\u0101da no \u017eurk\u0101m tiek atz\u012bta par nepiedero\u0161u grupai, tai var uzbrukt, liekot tai atk\u0101pties no \u0161\u012bs teritorijas.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Sazi\u0146a<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurk\u0101m ir sp\u0113ja rad\u012bt ultraska\u0146as vokaliz\u0101cijas ska\u0146as. \u017durku mazu\u013ci izmanto da\u017e\u0101da veida ultraska\u0146as saucienus, lai izsauktu un virz\u012btu m\u0101tes mekl\u0113\u0161anas uzved\u012bbu. Lai gan septi\u0146u dienu vecum\u0101 mazu\u013ci, atrodoties citu \u017eurku tuvum\u0101, izdod ultraska\u0146as, 14 dienu vecum\u0101 tie samazina ultraska\u0146as izdali, lai sevi aizst\u0101v\u0113tu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u010cirkst\u0113\u0161ana<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Da\u017eos gad\u012bjumos Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas izdod ultraska\u0146as, augstfrekvences, \u012bsus un soci\u0101li induc\u0113tus vok\u0101lus, kad pirms p\u0101ro\u0161an\u0101s vai kad t\u0101s tiek \u0137eks\u0113tas. Vokaliz\u0101cija parasti ir saist\u012bta ar smiekliem vai gaidot kaut ko iepriecino\u0161u. Turkl\u0101t \u010divin\u0101\u0161ana parasti ir saist\u012bta ar soci\u0101lo saikni un pozit\u012bv\u0101m emocij\u0101m. Tom\u0113r, tiem novecojot, \u010divin\u0101\u0161anas tendence samazin\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Ska\u0146as komunik\u0101cija<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas izdod komunikat\u012bvus trok\u0161\u0146us, kurus cilv\u0113ki var sadzird\u0113t. Visbie\u017e\u0101k dzirdamas ir zobu sl\u012bp\u0113\u0161ana un bruks\u0113\u0161ana, ko izraisa laime. \u0160o troksni var raksturot k\u0101 \u0101tru klik\u0161\u0137in\u0101\u0161anu vai pat dedzin\u0101\u0161anu, kas main\u0101s atkar\u012bb\u0101 no \u017eurkas.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. Neofobija un izp\u0113te<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas ir zin\u0101tk\u0101ras un \u013coti labpr\u0101t iepaz\u012bst jaunu vidi. P\u0113c tam, kad \u017eurkas tika iepaz\u012bstin\u0101tas ar nepaz\u012bstamu bar\u012bbu, t\u0101s samazin\u0101ja bar\u012bbas uz\u0146em\u0161anu. S\u0101kotn\u0113ji izvair\u012b\u0161an\u0101s no nepaz\u012bstama jauna \u0113diena un v\u0113l\u0101k t\u0101 degust\u0113\u0161ana raksturo p\u0101rtikas neofobiju. Ja jaunais \u0113diens nav saist\u012bts ar nelabv\u0113l\u012bgiem organisma simptomiem, tad Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas \u0113d vair\u0101k.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. Reprodukcija un att\u012bst\u012bba<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas ir poliandriskas, tas noz\u012bm\u0113, ka grupas t\u0113vi\u0146iem un m\u0101t\u012bt\u0113m ir vair\u0101ki partneri. M\u0101t\u012btes un t\u0113vi\u0146i dzimumgatav\u012bbu sasniedz attiec\u012bgi p\u0113c \u010detriem un trim m\u0113ne\u0161iem. Tom\u0113r m\u0101t\u012btes parasti vairojas agr\u0101 vecum\u0101, jo konkurence aizkav\u0113 mazu mazu \u017eurku t\u0113vi\u0146u atra\u0161anos.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lai gan vairo\u0161an\u0101s nav sezon\u0101la, t\u0101 palielin\u0101s siltajos m\u0113ne\u0161os. M\u0101t\u012bt\u0113m parasti s\u0101kas <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/science\/estrus\">riests<\/a> 18 stundas p\u0113c dzemd\u012bb\u0101m, un gada laik\u0101 t\u0101s var rad\u012bt aptuveni septi\u0146us metienus. M\u0101t\u012btes piedz\u012bvo aptuveni 500 rei\u017eu ilgu dzimumstundu ilgu riesta periodu, kura laik\u0101 vi\u0146as p\u0101rojas ar vair\u0101kiem konkur\u0113jo\u0161iem t\u0113vi\u0146iem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. \u0112\u0161anas paradumi\/p\u0101rtika<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas ir bar\u012bbu mekl\u0113jo\u0161as un var izdz\u012bvot, izmantojot da\u017e\u0101dus p\u0101rtikas produktus. Vien\u0101 p\u0113t\u012bjum\u0101 vienas \u017eurkas ku\u0146\u0123a satur\u0101 atkl\u0101ja vair\u0101k nek\u0101 4000 da\u017e\u0101du priek\u0161metu. \u0160\u012b sp\u0113ja ir \u013c\u0101vusi tiem veiksm\u012bgi izplat\u012bties vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113. Pils\u0113t\u0101s Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas galvenok\u0101rt barojas ar cilv\u0113ku izmestu p\u0101rtiku, bet da\u017eos gad\u012bjumos t\u0101s k\u013c\u016bst par kait\u0113k\u013ciem un barojas ar kult\u016braugiem laukos, k\u0101 ar\u012b skapjos.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. Miega paradumi un dz\u012bves ilgums<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurkas galvenok\u0101rt ir akt\u012bvas nakt\u012b un kr\u0113slas stund\u0101s. Cilv\u0113ka apr\u016bp\u0113 \u017eurkas var nodz\u012bvot aptuveni \u010detrus gadus. Tom\u0113r savva\u013c\u0101 to dz\u012bves ilgums ir aptuveni divi gadi.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurka ir viens no mazajiem, bet iev\u0113rojamajiem dz\u012bvniekiem, kas ir da\u013ca no Norv\u0113\u0123ijas savva\u013cas dabas. Iesp\u0113jams, ka Norv\u0113\u0123ija ir paz\u012bstama galvenok\u0101rt ar saviem pol\u0101rl\u0101\u010diem, kas k\u0101 koloss kl\u0101j ledus sega un me\u017eus vis\u0101 valst\u012b. lai cik maza Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurka ar\u012b neb\u016btu, ir tik daudz \u012bpatn\u012bbu, ko v\u0113rts par to uzzin\u0101t. Norv\u0113\u0123ijas \u017eurku zin\u0101tniskais nosaukums<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":38602,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4286,1477],"tags":[26248,26252,23691],"class_list":["post-46022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-atrakcijas-norvegija","category-uncategorized-lv","tag-biologisko-daudzveidibu","tag-norvegijas-savvalas-dzivnieki","tag-savvalas-dzivnieki"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46022"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":129808,"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46022\/revisions\/129808"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.scandinavia.life\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}